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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00134_Field_frep47.txt
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1996-12-30
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87 lines
These sections through the left
and right lateral geniculate
bodies show autoradiographic
label in the three left-eye
layers on each side. The left eye
had been injected with
radioactive label (tritiated
proline) a week earlier. The
labeled layers are the dark
ones.
The first method depends
again on axon transport. A
small amount of an organic
chemical, perhaps an amino
acid, is labeled with a
radioactive element such as
carbon-14 and injected into one
eye of a monkey, say the left
eye. The amino acid is taken up
by the cells in the eye,
including the retinal ganglion
cells. The ganglion-cell axons
transport the labeled molecule,
presumably now incorporated
into proteins, to their
terminals in the lateral
geniculate bodies. There the
label accumulates in the left-
eye layers. The process of
transportation takes a few days.
The tissue is then thinly
sliced, coated with a
photographic silver emulsion,
and allowed to sit for some time
in the dark. In the resulting
autoradiograph, shown to the
left, we can see the three left-
eye layers on each side,
complementary in their order,
revealed by black silver grains.
To see this geniculate
pattern requires only modest
amounts of radioactivity in the
injection. If we inject a
sufficiently large amount of the
labeled amino acid into the eye,
the concentration in
geniculate layers becomes so
high that some radioactive
material leaks out of the optic-
nerve terminals and is taken up
by the geniculate cells in the
labeled layers and shipped
along their axons to the striate
cortex. The label thus
accumulates in the layer-4C
terminals in regular patches
corresponding to the injected
eye. When the autoradiograph is
finally developed (after several
months because the
concentration of label finally
reaching the cortex is very
small), we can actually see the
patches in layer 4C in a
transverse section of the
cortex, as shown in the
photograph at the head of the
chapter. If we slice the cortex
parallel to its surface--either
flattening it first or cutting and
pasting serial sections--we can
at last see the layout, as though
we were viewing it from above.
It is a beautiful set of parallel
stripes, as shown at the head of
the section in a single section
(first) and a reconstruction
(second). In all these cortical
autoradiographs, the label
representing the left eye shows
up bright, separated by dark,
unlabeled regions representing
the right eye.